NAD+ 1000mg

Overview

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a dinucleotide coenzyme present in every living cell. It cycles between its oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms to carry electrons in glycolysis, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, and it also serves as a consumable substrate for signaling enzymes including sirtuins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases and CD38. Declining cellular NAD+ levels with age are a major topic of current longevity research.

Acu Aminos supplies NAD+ as a 1000 mg lyophilized powder for laboratory biochemistry and cell-culture research. Although not a peptide, it is stocked because it is used alongside peptides in mitochondrial and metabolic studies.

Chemistry & specifications

NAD+ consists of two nucleotides, nicotinamide riboside monophosphate and adenosine monophosphate, joined through their phosphate groups. The positively charged nicotinamide ring is the redox-active center: it accepts a hydride ion to form NADH. NAD+ is hygroscopic and degrades in solution, particularly at alkaline pH and elevated temperature, so the lyophilized solid should be kept dry and prepared fresh for use.

Cellular structure & mechanism of action

As a redox carrier, NAD+ links catabolic pathways to the mitochondrial electron-transport chain, where NADH donates electrons to complex I. As a signaling substrate, NAD+ is cleaved by sirtuins (SIRT1–7) during protein deacetylation, by PARP enzymes during DNA-damage repair, and by CD38/CD157 to produce cyclic ADP-ribose. Because these enzymes compete for the same pool, NAD+ availability is studied as a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, DNA repair, circadian rhythm and inflammatory signaling in cell and animal models.

Research applications

• Sirtuin, PARP and CD38 enzyme kinetics and inhibitor screening
• NAD+/NADH ratio and redox-state assays
• Mitochondrial respiration and complex I studies
• Aging, senescence and DNA-repair cell models
• Analytical reference standard for HPLC / LC-MS methods

Selected references

1. Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD⁺ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021;22:119–141.
2. Yoshino J, Baur JA, Imai S. NAD⁺ intermediates: the biology and therapeutic potential of NMN and NR. Cell Metab. 2018;27(3):513–528.
3. Cantó C, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J. NAD⁺ metabolism and the control of energy homeostasis: a balancing act between mitochondria and the nucleus. Cell Metab. 2015;22(1):31–53.

References are provided to help researchers locate primary literature. Acu Aminos makes no claims about the safety or efficacy of any compound in humans or animals.